Dari “Mara” menuju Pemulihan Komunal: Transformasi Identitas Naomi dalam Rut 1:20 dan 4:14–15
Abstract
This article examines the relationship between Naomi’s experience of suffering, articulated through the name “Mara” in Ruth 1:20, and the portrayal of restoration in Ruth 4:14–15. It argues that Naomi’s restoration can be interpreted as a process of identity reconstruction mediated through kinship relations and communal recognition. This study employs a qualitative-interpretive method based on library research, incorporating narrative analysis of Naomi’s story, lexical examination of the term go’el (kinsman-redeemer) and the expression “restorer of life,” and theological reflection informed by relational identity theory and pastoral hermeneutics. The analysis suggests that Ruth 1:20 presents “Mara” as an articulation of identity shaped by experiences of loss and bitterness, whereas Ruth 4:14–15 portrays restoration through kinship relations and the recognition expressed by the community of women. In this interpretation, identity transformation does not entail the erasure of suffering but rather the possibility of a renewed understanding of Naomi’s life. The experience associated with Mara remains part of her history but need not dominate her identity as a whole. This article contributes to the development of pastoral hermeneutics in Old Testament studies by conceptualizing restoration as a relational process involving social and theological dimensions.
Abstrak
Artikel ini mengkaji hubungan antara pengalaman penderitaan Naomi yang diartikulasikan melalui nama “Mara” dalam Rut 1:20 dan penggambaran pemulihan dalam Rut 4:14–15. Artikel ini berargumen bahwa pemulihan Naomi dapat ditafsirkan sebagai rekonstruksi identitas yang berlangsung melalui relasi kekerabatan dan pengakuan komunitas. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif-interpretatif berbasis studi pustaka, yang mencakup analisis naratif terhadap perkembangan kisah Naomi, kajian leksikal atas istilah go’el (penebus kerabat) dan ungkapan “pemulih kehidupan”, serta refleksi teologis melalui perspektif identitas relasional dan hermeneutik pastoral. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa Rut 1:20 menghadirkan “Mara” sebagai artikulasi identitas yang dibentuk oleh pengalaman kehilangan dan kepahitan, sedangkan Rut 4:14–15 menggambarkan pemulihan melalui relasi kekerabatan dan pengakuan komunitas perempuan. Dalam pembacaan ini, transformasi identitas tidak dipahami sebagai penghapusan pengalaman penderitaan, melainkan sebagai kemungkinan munculnya pemaknaan baru terhadap kehidupan Naomi. Pengalaman Mara tetap menjadi bagian dari sejarahnya, tetapi tidak harus mendominasi keseluruhan pemahaman tentang dirinya. Artikel ini berkontribusi pada pengembangan hermeneutik pastoral dalam studi Perjanjian Lama dengan menempatkan pemulihan sebagai proses relasional yang melibatkan dimensi sosial dan teologis.
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.46305/im.v7i2.731
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